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　　AEM主編和編輯報告

　　報告一：

　　題目：Darwin’s Invertebrates: Why Is This Primitive Gut Ecosystem Still Here?

　　報告人：Harold L. Drake教授

　　報告人單位：Department of Ecological Microbiology, University of Bayreuth，Bayreuth, Germany

　　報告時間：2019年10月30日，15:00-16:00

　　報告地點：生科樓 E2004

　　報告內容摘要：

　　Although their subsurface lifestyle make earthworms an unseen feature of the terrestrial biosphere, Charles Darwin was fascinated by the capacity of these invertebrates to alter terrestrial habitats and documented their unique bioengineering skills in his final publication. However, Darwin was not aware that the environmental impact of earthworms is due in part to earthworm-microbe interactions that occur in the primitive anoxic gut ecosystem of these invertebrates.The talk will examine naturally ingested “probiotic” gut microbes that augment (a) diverse gut fermentations linked to the heterotrophic lifestyle of the earthworm, (b) the decomposition of biopolymers in the terrestrial biosphere, and (c) the production of greenhouse gases.Parallels to more advanced gut ecosystems will be addressed.

　　報告人簡介：

　　Prof. Drake is at the University of Bayreuth in Germany and is Editor-in-Chief of the journal Applied and Environmental Microbiology (AEM).His work is focused on (a) the physiology and ecology of anaerobes, (b) invertebrate microbiology, and (c) the intermediary ecosystem metabolism of environments that emit the greenhouse gases methane and nitrous oxide.

　　報告二：

　　報告題目：Diverse strategies for attractant sensing in the soil bacterium Pseudomonas putida

　　報告人：Rebecca E. Parales教授

　　報告人單位：Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics University of California, Davis, CA

　　報告時間：2019年10月30日，16:00-17:00

　　報告地點：生科樓 E2004

　　報告內容摘要：

　　Motile bacteria have the ability to “sample” their environment and detect and move toward available growth substrates using a process called chemotaxis. Many soil bacteria are capable of degrading a wide variety of organic compounds including toxic pollutants and man-made chemicals. Previous studies have shown that chemotaxis can increase the efficiency of the biodegradation process, so we are interested in characterizing bacterial chemotactic responses and identifying the receptors used to sense chemicals of interest. In addition, the identification of chemoreceptors that bind to organic pollutants like aromatic hydrocarbons will allow us to generate sensitive biosensors for such chemicals. The most common sensory proteins used for bacterial chemotaxis are cell-surface receptors called methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins, and the genomes of soil bacteria often harbor up to 60 chemoreceptor genes. For example, Pseudomonas putida F1 is capable of growing on >70 organic substrates, and its genome encodes 27 putative chemoreceptors. We have found that P. putida is chemotactic to most substrates on which it is capable of growth, and it uses several different strategies to detect potential growth substrates. In this presentation I will describe the different types of metabolism-dependent and metabolism-independent responses used by P. putida to locate potential sources of carbon, nitrogen, and energy in its environment. In some cases, specific cell-surface chemoreceptor proteins bind attractants directly, while in other cases catabolic intermediates are sensed. A third strategy is to use a more general sensory protein similar to the Escherichia coli energy taxis receptor Aer, which monitors the energy status of the cell rather than binding to specific growth substrates. I will give examples of responses to specific chemicals that are inducible and coordinately controlled with the relevant catabolic pathway genes. I will also discuss strategies to identify what attractants are detected by functionally uncharacterized chemoreceptor proteins.

　　報告人簡介：

　　Prof. Parales is at the University of California, Davis and is the Editor of the journal Applied and Environmental Microbiology (AEM).Her work is mostly focused on the chemotaxis of bacterial strains to organic pollutants.

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